ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BIAS, PRIVACY, TRANSPARENCY, AND GOVERNANCE

Abstract

The study addresses the ethical implications of artificial intelligence in scientific research and contributes to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Its objective was to systematically analyze the integration of ethical principles, algorithmic bias, data privacy, transparency, and governance, in the use of AI applied to scientific research, in order to build an integrative ethical framework to guide its responsible application. This qualitative, descriptive-analytical study systematically analyzed 15 studies selected from 65 scientific articles published between 2023 and 2025. The results show that the implementation of artificial intelligence optimizes processes and strengthens institutional trust, reveals significant risks in algorithmic biases that exacerbate inequalities affecting the validity of results; privacy is threatened by the misuse of sensitive data; transparency compromises scientific replicability and credibility; and the absence of governance creates regulatory gaps that limit the social legitimacy of productive knowledge. It is concluded that artificial intelligence is a strategic tool for digital transformation and organizational sustainability, provided it is managed under ethical principles, clear frameworks, and responsible practices that ensure equity, trust, and social acceptance.