PROCESS INNOVATION IN IOT-BASED VEHICLE THEFT DETECTION AND ENGINE LOCKING SYSTEM

Abstract

Vehicle theft remains a persistent global security concern, resulting in significant economic losses and compromised public safety. Conventional anti-theft mechanisms, including mechanical locks and alarm systems, are often reactive and lack real-time remote monitoring and control capabilities. This paper proposes a conceptual Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled vehicle theft detection and engine locking framework designed for autonomous monitoring and rapid intervention.

The proposed architecture utilizes an Arduino microcontroller as the central processing unit, integrating a GSM communication module, GPS receiver, relay-controlled engine immobilization unit, DC motor actuation mechanism, and a buck converter-based regulated power supply system. The framework enables real-time geolocation tracking and remote engine locking through authenticated SMS-based commands. Upon detection of unauthorized access or ignition, the system transmits the vehicle’s geographic coordinates to the registered user and activates a relay-driven engine cutoff mechanism to prevent further movement.

A structured decision logic model is implemented to coordinate sensor inputs, communication latency, and actuation response time. Preliminary hardware-level validation demonstrates reliable GSM-GPS synchronization, stable voltage regulation through the buck converter, and consistent relay-triggered immobilization performance. The modular IoT architecture emphasizes low power consumption, scalability, and compatibility with mobile monitoring platforms.

This work establishes a cost-effective and non-invasive vehicle security solution suitable for automotive safety enhancement, fleet management, and smart transportation systems. Future extensions will focus on cloud integration, encrypted communication protocols, and machine learning-based anomaly detection for predictive vehicle theft prevention.