NIHANG SINGHS: GUARDIANS OF SIKH MARTIAL AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE

Abstract

Nihang Singhs, an elite warrior order within Sikhism, have played a significant role in safeguarding Sikh traditions, faith and sovereignty. Emerging under Guru Gobind Singh, they become the frontline defenders of Sikhism, particularly during the Mughals, Afghans and the British period. This paper explores their historical origins, military contributions during the misl period, religious significance, and their role in preserving sikh martial traditions.

Preservation of Sikh Martial Traditions: The Nihang Singhs have the chief preservers of Sikh martial traditions, serving as a living link between the martial legacy of the Gurus and present-day Sikh society. Their preservation efforts are centered on Shastra vidya, the traditional Sikh martial science that includes training in weaponry, physical agility, battlefield strategies and mental discipline. They believed that the Shastra Vidya started by Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Guru Ji blessed Baba Budha Ji to maintain Shastra vidya and Bhai Jetha Ji trained Guru Hargobind Ji in martial arts under the leadership of Baba Budha Ji. Guru Hargobind Ji adopted two swords of ‘Miri and Piri’[1] He gathered the army and fought four wars against Mughals. Guru Gobind Singh used to wear armor at Patna from his childhood. Guru Sahib taught the Sikhs to chant the name of God and wear armor.

Khadag DhroTan Ujal Hoi!

 Naam Japo Mukh Kanth So Loi![2]

[1] Avtar Singh, Caste, Sikhlai Ate Nismavali, Page 5

[2] Kuir Singh, ‘Gurbilas Patshahi 10’, Shamshir Singh Ashok (Ed.): Page 66